This Bull authorised Portugal to raid African Kingdoms, territories and land, capture and enslave the inhabitants and seize their natural and mineral resources, under the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church.
Institutional Racism
In Esquire’s July 1968 issue, published just after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr., the magazine talked to James Baldwin about the state of race relations in the country. We’ve republished the interview in full—and his words are incredibly relevant today.
Read the landmark 1968 Q&A on race in America.
Image: U.S. Information Agency. Press and Publications Service. (ca. 1953 – ca. 1978), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
An account of a Black man who decided to join the Metropolitan Police Force and what happened to him while he was part of that particular organisation
The programme was made in association with the Campaign Against Racism in the Media, which exposes the subtle and explicit racism against black and Asians not only in the popular ‘ comedy’ shows of the time but also of the ‘serious’ current affairs programmes produced by television. Featuring Professor Stuart Hall.
This video is a simple explanation of Frantz Fanon’s book, Black Skin, White Masks.
Re featured image: There is no free-license equivalent, the image is widely available and has no commercial value, and is being used for educational purposes to illustrate an article about the subject., CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
The “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, also known as the “Letter from Birmingham City Jail” and “The Negro Is Your Brother”, is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr.
Image: Nobel Foundation, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Because the brother said more than just, “I have a dream”.
Image: Yoichi Okamoto, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Reporters from the national and international news media talk with Mr. Newton, leader of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, about his personal and political philosophy. Also interviewed is the Black Panther Party attorney Charles R. Garry, Newton’s sister and Newton’s fianc_e, unnamed for their personal safety. Recorded March 7, 1968 in a detention cell at the Alameda County Courthouse.
Image attribution: Blair Stapp, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
During a lecture to students at Howard University, Stokely Carmichael speaks about the movement of black people toward unity with a clear, common ideology based on science. He stresses black people must put theory into practice – organize and take action. He speaks about the differences between revolutionary and reform movements; Pan-Africanism; the All African People’s Revolutionary Party; scientific socialism; nkrumahism; capitalism; and imperialism.
Image attribution: See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kwame_Ture_at_a_1966_Mississippi_press_conference_(cropped).jpg)
Continuing its analysis of institutional racism, Black Journal invites Dr. Alvin Poussaint, Dan Watts, and Imamu Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) to discuss racism in terms of psychological development, culture and colonialism. Dr. Poussaint, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and author of the forthcoming book “Why Blacks Kill Blacks,” sees white racism as a mental illness. For that reason he questions “whether black people can find themselves and have self-determination or find their cultural self within the confines of American shores.”
Image attribution: L Selah Alexander, CC BY-SA 4.0